12.27.12
Consumption of whole grains may reduce risk of deteriorating glucose tolerance, including progression to pre-diabetes, according to a new study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
In previous studies, high whole-grain intake has been reportedly associated with reduced risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D), which is an effect possibly subject to genetic effect modification.
In this new prospective population-based study, researchers investigated whether a higher intake of whole grain protects against the development of pre-diabetes and T2D and tested for modulation by polymorphisms of the TCF7L2 gene.
They examined the 8–10-year incidence of pre-diabetes (impaired glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glucose or the combination of both) and T2D in relation to the intake of whole grain. Baseline data were available for 3,180 women and 2,297 men aged 35–56 years.
A higher intake of whole grain (>59.1 compared with <30.6 g/d) was associated with a 34% lower risk to deteriorate in glucose tolerance (to pre-diabetes or T2D; women and men combined). The association remained after adjustments for age, family history of diabetes, BMI, physical activity, smoking, education and blood pressure (OR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.63, 0.96). Risk reduction was significant in men (OR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.49, 0.85) but not in women. Associations were significant for pre-diabetes per se (all, OR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.56, 0.94; men, OR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.40, 0.80). The intake of whole grain correlated inversely with insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). The impact of whole-grain intake was undetectable in men who harbored diabetogenic polymorphisms of the TCF7L2 gene.
Researchers concluded that higher intake of whole grain is associated with decreased risk of deteriorating glucose tolerance including progression from normal glucose tolerance to pre-diabetes by mechanisms likely tied to effects on insulin sensitivity. Effect modifications by TCF7L2 genetic polymorphisms are supported.
In previous studies, high whole-grain intake has been reportedly associated with reduced risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D), which is an effect possibly subject to genetic effect modification.
In this new prospective population-based study, researchers investigated whether a higher intake of whole grain protects against the development of pre-diabetes and T2D and tested for modulation by polymorphisms of the TCF7L2 gene.
They examined the 8–10-year incidence of pre-diabetes (impaired glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glucose or the combination of both) and T2D in relation to the intake of whole grain. Baseline data were available for 3,180 women and 2,297 men aged 35–56 years.
A higher intake of whole grain (>59.1 compared with <30.6 g/d) was associated with a 34% lower risk to deteriorate in glucose tolerance (to pre-diabetes or T2D; women and men combined). The association remained after adjustments for age, family history of diabetes, BMI, physical activity, smoking, education and blood pressure (OR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.63, 0.96). Risk reduction was significant in men (OR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.49, 0.85) but not in women. Associations were significant for pre-diabetes per se (all, OR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.56, 0.94; men, OR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.40, 0.80). The intake of whole grain correlated inversely with insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). The impact of whole-grain intake was undetectable in men who harbored diabetogenic polymorphisms of the TCF7L2 gene.
Researchers concluded that higher intake of whole grain is associated with decreased risk of deteriorating glucose tolerance including progression from normal glucose tolerance to pre-diabetes by mechanisms likely tied to effects on insulin sensitivity. Effect modifications by TCF7L2 genetic polymorphisms are supported.