• Login
    • Join
  • FOLLOW:
  • Subscribe Free
    • Magazine
    • eNewsletter
    Checkout
    • Magazine
    • News
    • Exclusives
    • Nutraceuticals
    • Markets
    • Health
    • Jobs
    • Events
    • Buyers' Guide
    • Showcases
    • More
  • Magazine
  • News
  • Exclusives
  • Nutraceuticals
  • Markets
  • Health
  • Jobs
  • Events
  • Buyers' Guide
  • Showcases
  • Current & Past Issues
    Features
    Columns
    Editorials
    Digital Edition
    Subscribe Now
    Advertise Now
    eNewsletter
    Editorial Guidelines
    Top Features
    Citrus Support for the Blood Glucose-Immune System Connection

    A Glance At The Eye Health Market

    The Value of Vitamin D Testing

    A Growing Need for Mineral Supplementation

    More Than Just A Trend: Supplements Embedded in Consumer Health Regimens
    Breaking News
    Certifications, Approvals and Patents
    Exclusives
    Industry & Market News
    People
    Products
    Regulatory
    Research
    Supplier News
    Supplier Insights
    Live From Shows
    Top News
    New FDA Traceability Rule Appears to Omit Dietary Supplement Manufacturers

    Clinical Trial Finds Metabolic Benefits for Polyphenols Formula

    JRF Technology Debuts Elderberry Oral Film Strip

    Danone Adds to Plant-Based Portfolio with Acquisition of Follow Your Heart Brand

    Researchers Connect Gut Microbiome to Healthy Aging
    Exclusives
    Blogs & Guest Articles
    Health E-Insights
    Area Code 420
    eBook
    Antioxidants
    Dairy-Based Ingredients
    Enzymes
    Fatty Acids
    Fiber & Carbohydrates
    Green Foods
    Herbs & Botanicals
    Marine Nutraceuticals
    Minerals
    Omega 3s
    Probiotics & Prebiotics
    Proteins, Peptides, Amino Acids
    Sweeteners
    Vitamins

    Clinical Trial Finds Metabolic Benefits for Polyphenols Formula

    JRF Technology Debuts Elderberry Oral Film Strip

    House Resolution Calls for CDC and FDA to Back Vitamin D for COVID-19

    Gelita Discusses Bioactive Collagen Peptides and the E-sports Market

    FrieslandCampina Partners with Cayuga Milk Ingredients to Introduce Milk Proteins in U.S.
    Consumer Trends
    Contract Manufacturing
    Cosmeceuticals / Nutricosmetics
    Delivery & Dosage Technologies
    Dietary Supplements
    Flavors & Colors
    Functional Foods & Beverages
    Healthcare Trends
    Medical Nutrition
    Mergers & Acquisitions
    Natural/Organic
    Nutrition Bars
    Packaging
    Pet Nutraceuticals
    Quality & Safety
    Regulations
    Research
    Testing
    World Markets

    New FDA Traceability Rule Appears to Omit Dietary Supplement Manufacturers

    GMP Laboratories of America, Inc.: Addressing Industry Challenges for 25 Years

    Clinical Trial Finds Metabolic Benefits for Polyphenols Formula

    JRF Technology Debuts Elderberry Oral Film Strip

    Danone Adds to Plant-Based Portfolio with Acquisition of Follow Your Heart Brand
    Bone & Joint Health
    Cancer Risk
    Cardiovascular Health
    Cognitive Function
    Diabetes & Blood Sugar Management
    Digestive Health
    Energy
    Eye Health
    Healthy Aging
    Immune Function
    Infant & Children's Health
    Inflammation
    Men's Health
    Mood Health & Sleep
    Oral Health
    Sexual & Reproductive Health
    Skin Health
    Sports Nutrition
    Weight Management/Weight Loss
    Women's Health

    Clinical Trial Finds Metabolic Benefits for Polyphenols Formula

    Researchers Connect Gut Microbiome to Healthy Aging

    House Resolution Calls for CDC and FDA to Back Vitamin D for COVID-19

    Gelita Discusses Bioactive Collagen Peptides and the E-sports Market

    FrieslandCampina Partners with Cayuga Milk Ingredients to Introduce Milk Proteins in U.S.
    Industry Events
    Live From Show Events
    Webinars
    All Companies
    Categories
    Trade Associations
    Company Capabilities
    International Buyers Guide Companies
    Aiya America (Matcha by Aiya)

    Sabinsa Corporation

    Gencor

    KLK OLEO - Davos Life Science

    AIDP
    Companies
    Product Releases
    News Releases
    Literature / Brochures
    White Papers
    Jobs
    VIdeos
    Services
    Add New Company
    International Buyers Guide Companies
    Bioenergy Life Science, Inc. (BLS)

    Aiya America (Matcha by Aiya)

    KLK OLEO - Davos Life Science

    Indena USA, Inc.

    Verdure Sciences
    • Magazine
      • Current / Back Issue
      • Features
      • Editorial
      • Columns
      • Digital Edition
      • eNewsletter Archive
      • Editorial Guidelines
      • Subscribe Now
      • Advertise Now
    • Breaking News
    • Buyers' Guide
      • All Companies
      • Categories
      • Trade Associations
      • Company Capabilities
    • Nutraceuticals
      • Antioxidants
      • Dairy-Based Ingredients
      • Enzymes
      • Fatty Acids
      • Fiber & Carbohydrates
      • Green Foods
      • Herbs & Botanicals
      • Marine Nutraceuticals
      • Minerals
      • Omega 3s
      • Probiotics & Prebiotics
      • Proteins, Peptides, Amino Acids
      • Sweeteners
      • Vitamins
    • Markets
      • Consumer Trends
      • Contract Manufacturing
      • Cosmeceuticals / Nutricosmetics
      • Delivery & Dosage Technologies
      • Dietary Supplements
      • Flavors & Colors
      • Functional Foods & Beverages
      • Healthcare Trends
      • Medical Nutrition
      • Mergers & Acquisitions
      • Natural/Organic
      • Nutrition Bars
      • Packaging
      • Pet Nutraceuticals
      • Quality & Safety
      • Regulations
      • Research
      • Testing
      • World Markets
    • Health
      • Bone & Joint Health
      • Cancer Risk
      • Cardiovascular Health
      • Cognitive Function
      • Diabetes & Blood Sugar Management
      • Digestive Health
      • Energy
      • Eye Health
      • Healthy Aging
      • Immune Function
      • Infant & Children's Health
      • Inflammation
      • Men's Health
      • Mood Health & Sleep
      • Oral Health
      • Sexual & Reproductive Health
      • Skin Health
      • Sports Nutrition
      • Weight Management/Weight Loss
      • Women's Health
    • Online Exclusives
    • Webinars
    • Slideshows
    • Blogs & Guest Articles
    • Health E-Insights
    • Videos
    • Podcasts
    • eBook
    • Infographics
    • Whitepapers
    • Research
      • TrendSense
      • Monograph Center
      • White Papers
      • Research News
    • Jobs
    • Events
      • Industry Events
      • Live From Show Events
      • Webinars
    • Supplier Showcases
      • Companies
      • Product Releases
      • News Releases
      • Literature / Brochures
      • White Papers
      • Jobs
      • VIdeos
      • Services
    • About Us
      • About Us
      • Contact Us
      • Advertise With Us
      • Privacy Policy
      • Terms of Use
    Columns

    Availability of CBD Liability Insurance (and Actual Coverage) is Often Scarce

    The wild west of CBD is fraught with perils, not the least of which is buying liability insurance you can rely on.

    Availability of CBD Liability Insurance (and Actual Coverage) is Often Scarce
    Related CONTENT
    • Sunflower Hemp Co
    • 10 Healthy Snack Trends for 2019
    • innoVactiv & Nippon Flour Mills Obtain Natural Product Number in Canada for Myoceram
    • Demystifying the Regulatory Status of CBD
    • Consumer Packaged Foods Industry Veteran to Lead Hain Celestial's Next Phase of Growth
    By Greg Doherty, Bolton & Company12.06.18
    CBD has become ubiquitous. It’s in everything from cosmetics to animal and human supplements to edibles—including those that also contain the psychoactive substance THC. The barrier to entry for selling CBD products is almost non-existent. It’s a digital marketer’s dream. Much of it is sold online by companies that acquire white label CBD products and set up a website.

    The entrepreneurial spirit is alive and well, and CBD is a testament to that. This article will not debate the benefits of CBD products, nor will it touch on the legality of CBD, a moving target at best.

    Instead, this article addresses the issue of getting liability insurance for companies selling CBD products. It’s not very reassuring what’s available to protect purveyors from lawsuits alleging that products caused consumers bodily harm, or that a CBD product was falsely advertised (more on that later).

    Why Would Anyone Insure CBD?
    CBD aficionados reading this are probably wondering why insurance companies are not lining up to insure these products—and for a low premium for that matter—reflective of a presumed low risk and the great benefits these products claim. From an insurer’s standpoint, it’s not that easy.

    The foremost challenge is the regulatory environment. It’s a mess and will no doubt change in some fashion by the time this article is published. Historically, insurance companies have been loath to insure illegal activities or things that are against public policy. To say that current issues surrounding CBD products fall into both of these categories is like seeing a road sign that says “unsafe when under water.”

    Remember too that these insurers generally are publicly traded companies, which have shareholders looking over their shoulders who will not hesitate to file a derivative action lawsuit against company management if they feel that insuring CBD products has been detrimental to the company.

    Current Landscape of CBD Insurers
    Lloyd’s of London, traditionally a facility that will insure a starlet’s legs and other obscure risks, currently will not insure CBD products—with an exception being granted here and there, usually when CBD is a miniscule part of a company’s sales. This by itself is telling.

    As of this writing, there are four viable insurance carriers offering coverage for CBD products in the U.S. There may be one or two “also-rans” but they aren’t active or worth mentioning at this point in time. But this is where it gets interesting. The devil is in the details, and nowhere is that more true than when you are ready to get your wallet out and pay a premium for some liability insurance. Do you really know what coverage you are getting? In the case of insurance for CBD products, its caveat emptor (buyer beware) at its finest.

    For example, Insurance Company A attaches two exclusionary endorsements to its product liability policies (exclusions are paraphrased): 1) Coverage is limited to “approved products” being sold online on an intrastate basis only (the insured’s state of domicile); no coverage is provided for products shipped across state lines; 2) No coverage is provided for foreign products, which are defined as products manufactured or delivered from any place outside of the U.S., its territories, Canada, or Puerto Rico. This exclusion applies even if a foreign product is merely a component part of a product manufactured in the U.S.

    First of all, “approved products” is an undefined term. Second, how many CBD startups do you know that are selling online are selling and shipping to multiple states in violation of the exclusion? Probably all of them. Finally, when CBD is combined with any raw material or other component from outside the U.S., coverage is completely taken away. 

    I wonder how many people who have purchased these policies know these Swiss cheese holes are in the policy?

    Insurance Company B has an exclusion that strips away all coverage for CBD products. It’s convoluted, but in essence takes away coverage due to any illness or disease, alleged bodily injury, adverse health effect, malady of the human body, etc. for any product sold by or on behalf of the insured and includes any Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, hemp, or marijuana or any of its derivatives.

    Insurance Company C often attaches an endorsement that limits coverage to specified products listed on a schedule, and normally buried deep in the policy where you won’t see it. As a practical matter, these would normally be products which you listed in your application for insurance, and were selling at that time.

    But things change and people are constantly coming out with new products. What this endorsement says (again paraphrasing) is that if you want coverage for additional products not on this schedule, you agree to submit a complete description of those, including but not limited to their design, ingredients, construction, specifications, instructions, warning labels, packaging, and formulation. Otherwise these products will not be covered.

    Insurance Company D is currently and literally the guys in the white hats. They have no exclusions that gut the coverage and don’t tell you about it. This is the only one we will sell to CBD companies seeking coverage. This should not come as a surprise either: insurance coverage from Company D is not the lowest price. I’ve been in commercial insurance a long time and I know people like the lowest price for what appears to be comparable coverage, but is not.

    A few words about insurance for false advertising claims: as I have said in prior articles on this subject, it does not exist. Retain a good attorney or a competent consultant to help keep you out of trouble.

    In conclusion, the wild world of CBD product sales is fraught with perils, not the least of which is buying liability insurance that will be there when you need it most.


    Greg Doherty
    Bolton & Company

    Greg Doherty is a commercial insurance broker with Bolton & Company Insurance Brokers and Employee Benefits Consultants, Pasadena, CA. He is the executive vice president and managing director of the Dietary Supplement Practice Group for the firm, which specializes in the nutritional product and dietary supplement industries, including but not limited to contract manufacturers, raw materials suppliers, distributors/retailers. Mr. Doherty has four decades of experience as a broker, focusing solely on the dietary supplement industry for the last 14 years. He can be reached at gdoherty@boltonco.com; Phone: 626-535-1409; Website: www.gregdoherty.net.
    Related Searches
    • Dietary Supplement
    • Nutritional
    • Health
    • Regulatory
    Related Knowledge Center
    • Dietary Supplements
    • Quality & Safety
    • Regulations
    Suggested For You
    Sunflower Hemp Co Sunflower Hemp Co
    10 Healthy Snack Trends for 2019 10 Healthy Snack Trends for 2019
    innoVactiv & Nippon Flour Mills Obtain Natural Product Number in Canada for Myoceram innoVactiv & Nippon Flour Mills Obtain Natural Product Number in Canada for Myoceram
    Demystifying the Regulatory Status of CBD Demystifying the Regulatory Status of CBD
    Consumer Packaged Foods Industry Veteran to Lead Hain Celestial Consumer Packaged Foods Industry Veteran to Lead Hain Celestial's Next Phase of Growth
    Green Foods: Whole Nutrition for Health-Minded Consumers Green Foods: Whole Nutrition for Health-Minded Consumers
    The Nutritional Quest for Calm The Nutritional Quest for Calm
    Active Ingredients for Mood & Sleep, A-Z Active Ingredients for Mood & Sleep, A-Z
    Finding Balance Amid Chaos Finding Balance Amid Chaos
    New Prop 65 Regulations Create Fear; Insurance Coverage Expanded New Prop 65 Regulations Create Fear; Insurance Coverage Expanded
    CV Sciences Self-Affirms GRAS Status of Hemp Extract CV Sciences Self-Affirms GRAS Status of Hemp Extract
    An Interview with Mark Alyn of Late Night Health An Interview with Mark Alyn of Late Night Health
    The Science of Cannabis & Cannabinoids The Science of Cannabis & Cannabinoids
    Confusion Over Cannabis & The Fate of CBD Confusion Over Cannabis & The Fate of CBD
    Tips & Tricks for Walking the Insurance Application Minefield Tips & Tricks for Walking the Insurance Application Minefield

    Related Columns

    • Dietary Supplements | Healthcare Trends | Medical Nutrition | Regulations
      The Off-Label On Ramp

      The Off-Label On Ramp

      With an expanding base of clinical research supporting nutritional interventions, off label use of dietary supplements and medical foods is likely to grow.
      By Gregory Stephens, Windrose Partners, and Sheila Campbell, PhD, RD 01.19.21

    • Dietary Supplements | Healthcare Trends | Immune Function | Regulations
      ‘Follow the Science’ Often Misses the Mark with Nutrition

      ‘Follow the Science’ Often Misses the Mark with Nutrition

      The mantra too often ignores common sense approaches to improving health and quality of life.
      By Todd Harrison, Venable 01.19.21

    • Dietary Supplements | Herbs & Botanicals | Regulations | World Markets
      CBD in Europe: News from the Front

      CBD in Europe: News from the Front

      A recent decision by the Court of Justice of the European Union has restored CBD’s status, and with it, the prospects of the entire industry.
      By Joerg Gruenwald, analyze & realize ag 01.19.21


    • Cardiovascular Health | Herbs & Botanicals | Immune Function | Research | Weight Management/Weight Loss
      Botanical Research: Botanicals & Immunity, Kava Challenges, Turmeric Therapeutics and More

      Botanical Research: Botanicals & Immunity, Kava Challenges, Turmeric Therapeutics and More

      AHPA compiles recent research on botanicals and plant compounds published in peer-reviewed journals.
      By Holly Johnson, PhD, American Herbal Products Association (AHPA) 01.19.21

    • Delivery & Dosage Technologies | Dietary Supplements | Herbs & Botanicals | Quality & Safety
      The Advantages of Organic, Broad Spectrum Hemp

      The Advantages of Organic, Broad Spectrum Hemp

      Mike Hennesy, Wana Brands, discusses the company’s new gummies, innovation, and continuing market evolution.
      By Sheldon Baker 12.04.20

    • Dietary Supplements | Regulations
      Insurance Rates Have Been at an All-Time Low, But a Hard Market is Coming

      Insurance Rates Have Been at an All-Time Low, But a Hard Market is Coming

      Companies can be prepared by being thorough and transparent while going through insurance policy renewals.
      By Chris Morey, Bolton & Company 12.04.20


    • Dietary Supplements | Regulations
      A Business Perspective on Protecting Confidential Information: The NDA

      A Business Perspective on Protecting Confidential Information: The NDA

      Along with taking precautions in providing access to confidential information, a non-disclosure agreement can be a great way to protect your business.
      By Gregory Stephens, Windrose Partners 11.09.20

    • Dietary Supplements | Healthcare Trends | Immune Function | Regulations | Research | Vitamins
      Using All the Tools to Improve Public Health

      Using All the Tools to Improve Public Health

      Industry needs to make a stand in compelling authorities to communicate the value of nutrition and dietary supplementation.
      By Todd Harrison, Venable 11.09.20

    • Dietary Supplements | Regulations | World Markets
      Regulation Changes Calculus for Substance-Based Medical Devices

      Regulation Changes Calculus for Substance-Based Medical Devices

      The new regulation introduces more specific requirements for the technical documentation of this class of products.
      By Joerg Gruenwald, analyze & realize ag 11.09.20


    • Cognitive Function | Herbs & Botanicals | Mood Health & Sleep | Probiotics & Prebiotics | Research | Sports Nutrition
      Botanical Research: Oral Creatine Monohydrate, Probiotics & Antimicrobial Proteins, Mushrooms & More

      Botanical Research: Oral Creatine Monohydrate, Probiotics & Antimicrobial Proteins, Mushrooms & More

      AHPA compiles recent research on botanicals and plant compounds published in peer-reviewed journals.
      By Holly Johnson, PhD, American Herbal Products Association (AHPA) 11.09.20

    • Dietary Supplements | Healthcare Trends | Immune Function | Regulations
      Federal Regulators Slam Doctors for COVID-Related Communications

      Federal Regulators Slam Doctors for COVID-Related Communications

      Some practitioners were not selling or promoting products, they were simply suggesting certain natural substances might offer benefits in improving resilience.
      By Erik Goldman, Holistic Primary Care 10.01.20

    • Delivery & Dosage Technologies | Dietary Supplements | Healthcare Trends | Herbs & Botanicals | Pet Nutraceuticals
      CBD Dog Health and Fire Flake Farm: Holistic Healing for Furry Friends

      CBD Dog Health and Fire Flake Farm: Holistic Healing for Furry Friends

      Angela Ardolino is a certified cannabis specialist and holistic pet expert who has been caring for animals for over 20 years.
      By Sheldon Baker 10.01.20


    • Dietary Supplements | Regulations
      Nuance Claims? The Red Flags Around False Advertising, Intellectual Property & Mislabeling

      Nuance Claims? The Red Flags Around False Advertising, Intellectual Property & Mislabeling

      If you are a product formulator, label designer, or manufacturing facility, an Errors and Omissions policy is worth exploring.
      By Chris Morey, Bolton & Company 10.01.20

    • Dietary Supplements | Healthcare Trends | Research
      Spotlight on Clinical Research in the COVID-19 Era

      Spotlight on Clinical Research in the COVID-19 Era

      Discerning high quality research evidence from speculation and marketing hype is more important in today’s climate.
      By Greg Stephens, Windrose Partners, & Sheila Campbell, PhD, RD 09.08.20

    • Immune Function | Regulations | Research | Vitamins
      Nutritional Status Has Critical Implications for Public Health

      Nutritional Status Has Critical Implications for Public Health

      Vitamin D, N-acetyl cysteine, and quercetin may have important roles to play in this pandemic.
      By Todd Harrison, Venable 09.08.20

    Trending
    • Nestlé To Sell North American Water Brands
    • House Resolution Calls For CDC And FDA To Back Vitamin D For COVID-19
    • Innova: Top Trends In Dairy Focus On Holistic Benefits
    • Carlson Launches New Grade Of Astaxanthin Gummies With Astaferm
    • Omega-3s Recommended In Australian Pregnancy Guidelines Update
    Breaking News
    • New FDA Traceability Rule Appears to Omit Dietary Supplement Manufacturers
    • Clinical Trial Finds Metabolic Benefits for Polyphenols Formula
    • JRF Technology Debuts Elderberry Oral Film Strip
    • Danone Adds to Plant-Based Portfolio with Acquisition of Follow Your Heart Brand
    • Researchers Connect Gut Microbiome to Healthy Aging
    View Breaking News >
    CURRENT ISSUE

    Jan/Feb 2021

    • Modern Snacking: Where Health & Indulgence Converge
    • More Than Just A Trend: Supplements Embedded in Consumer Health Regimens
    • A Growing Need for Mineral Supplementation
    • The Value of Vitamin D Testing
    • A Glance At The Eye Health Market
    • Citrus Support for the Blood Glucose-Immune System Connection
    • View More >

    Cookies help us to provide you with an excellent service. By using our website, you declare yourself in agreement with our use of cookies.
    You can obtain detailed information about the use of cookies on our website by clicking on "More information”.

    • About Us
    • Privacy Policy
    • Terms And Conditions
    • Contact Us

    follow us

    Subscribe
    Nutraceuticals World

    Latest Breaking News From Nutraceuticals World

    New FDA Traceability Rule Appears to Omit Dietary Supplement Manufacturers
    Clinical Trial Finds Metabolic Benefits for Polyphenols Formula
    JRF Technology Debuts Elderberry Oral Film Strip
    Coatings World

    Latest Breaking News From Coatings World

    Universal Display Corporation, PPG Expand Global Production of UniversalPHOLED Materials
    OQ Chemicals Increases Carboxylic Acids, Esters Prices
    Sensory Analytics Announces Issuance of Broad New Patent Covering Coating Thickness Measurement
    Medical Product Outsourcing

    Latest Breaking News From Medical Product Outsourcing

    Japan to Lead APAC Assisted Reproductive Technology Devices Market
    Portescap Slotless Brushless DC Motors Receive ISO 13485 Certification
    FDA Breakthrough Device Designation Given to MI Transcatheter Heart Pump
    Contract Pharma

    Latest Breaking News From Contract Pharma

    High Purity New England Bolsters Biopharma Solutions Services
    AMRI Contributes to Efforts to Increase COVID-19 Vax Supply
    CatSci Opens New Site in UK
    Beauty Packaging

    Latest Breaking News From Beauty Packaging

    Inahsi Naturals Achieves EU Compliance
    Biden Prioritizes PPP Relief for the Beauty Industry
    Christie Brinkley Joins SBLA Beauty
    Happi

    Latest Breaking News From Happi

    Sephora To Open More Stores in 2021
    Clean Beauty Collective Supports EarthDay.org
    Freckle Pens Are Spot On!
    Ink World

    Latest Breaking News From Ink World

    Etiflex Enters New Markets with Nilpeter FA-22 Installation
    Hydrocarbon Solvents Market to Surpass $8.1 Billion by 2030
    Lowe-Martin Adds 2 KODAK NEXFINITY Digital Presses
    Label & Narrow Web

    Latest Breaking News From Label & Narrow Web

    UFlex adds capacity in packaging films
    CEC expands into labels and packaging with Heidelberg
    ABG delivers Digicon Series 3 to UK printer
    Nonwovens Industry

    Latest Breaking News From Nonwovens Industry

    Mexico City Single-Use Plastics Ban Leads to Tampon Shortage
    Believe Diapers Launch in U.S.
    Forbes Ranks Rockline Among Best U.S. Employers
    Orthopedic Design & Technology

    Latest Breaking News From Orthopedic Design & Technology

    Kaia Health Unveils Next-Gen Complete MSK Care Solutions
    First Implantation of CTL Amedica's Minimally Invasive Flex Tower
    NuVasive Nabs Simplify Medical for $150M
    Printed Electronics Now

    Latest Breaking News From Printed Electronics Now

    Comercial Kywi Improves Customer Service, Front-Store Operations with Zebra Mobile Solution
    Global Printed Circuit Board Market Projected to Reach $69.32 Billion by 2027
    RFID Locks Market to Reach $9.93 Billion by 2027: Allied Market Research

    Copyright © 2021 Rodman Media. All rights reserved. Use of this constitutes acceptance of our privacy policy The material on this site may not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, or otherwise used, except with the prior written permission of Rodman Media.

    AD BLOCKER DETECTED

    Our website is made possible by displaying online advertisements to our visitors.
    Please consider supporting us by disabling your ad blocker.


    FREE SUBSCRIPTION Already a subscriber? Login