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Testing found only about a third of labels for featured products making immune health claims accurately reflected product contents.
September 15, 2022
By: Mike Montemarano
Associate Editor, Nutraceuticals World
Seventeen of 30 dietary supplement products purchased from Amazon.com that make claims related to immune health had inaccurate labels based on their Supplement Facts panels, 13 were misbranded, and nine had additional components detected but not claimed on the label, according to an analysis published in JAMA Network Open. “Since December 2020, Amazon has been requiring sellers to provide outlined quality control documentation and a certificate of analysis (testing results) for supplements sold on their platform. These new requirements could help ensure products are less risky and not adulterated,” the authors of the study noted. In order to capture a picture of how well supplements are meeting label specifications, the authors of the study searched the keyword “immune” in “all departments” and then sorted results by “featured.” They selected the first 30 dietary supplement products that appeared, and required the products to have four or more stars in order to be eligible and selected for analysis. One sample of each selected product was purchased and sent to the University of Mississippi’s National Center for Natural Product’s Research for product analysis. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry was used to determine the quality of the 30 dietary supplement products. “Thirteen of the 30 products had accurate labels based on the product analysis,” the authors wrote. “Of the 17 products with inaccurate labels, 13 had ingredients listed on the labels that were not detected through analysis, such that their labels were misbranded. Ingredients missing from products ranged from 1 to 6 ingredients from any single product.” Most commonly, ingredients that were labeled but missing from products were plant extracts, including (in descending order) extracts of Aloe vera leaf, astragalus root, eleuthero root, garlic bulb, ginger root, horehound, Isatis tinctoria root, Japanese catnip, licorice, and slippery elm bark. Vitamin B12 and folate were missing from two products, and one product that claimed to contain elderberry only included trace amounts. None of the products had third-party certification seals, though 16 products had other seals such as “#1 doctor recommended brand,” “third party tested,” “purity and potency,” “stimulant free,” “lab tested verified,” and “quality guaranteed.” The total number of ingredients listed on Supplement Facts panels ranged from one to 32; the most frequent ingredients were echinacea, elderberry, vitamin C, vitamin D, and zinc.
“I think testing should be the easy part. Lots of organizations out there think they have something that’s unique and special because they meet GMPs but GMP regulations are 15 years old. That tells me you have quality systems in place but it doesn’t tell me anything about a specific product or knowledge of what you’re actually producing. So, as an industry, we should be beyond the baseline requirements in GMPs.” —Ed Wyszumiala, USP
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